The Substation training course will touch on system operations and maintenance necessary for uninterrupted power supply. This substation technician training is used for practical hands-on demonstrations for installations and to develop students’ skills with substation or switchyard installations.
High voltage substation training is suitable for the substation with a facility in a high-voltage power grid. It allows for the on/off switching of generators, equipment, and lines or circuits in a given system. It can also be used to convert DC to AC and AC to DC, as well as to adjust AC voltage from one level to another.
The transformer and related switches may be the extent of some substations’ complexity. Some are quite small, while others are enormous and contain dozens of transformers, switches, and other devices.
Substation Functions
Although not all substations include every feature listed below, they are all meant to fulfill the following roles:
- Change voltage from one level to another
- Regulate voltage to compensate for system voltage changes
- Switch transmission and distribution circuits into and out of the grid system
- Measure electric power qualities flowing in the circuits
- Connect communication signals to the circuits
- Eliminate lightning and other electrical surges from the system
- Connect electric generation plants to the system
- Make interconnections between the electric systems of more than one utility
- Control reactive kilovolt-amperes supplied to and the flow of reactive kilovolt-amperes in the circuits
What are the four types of substations?
While there are four main categories of substations, some facilities combine features from many categories.
- Step-up Transmission Substation
- Step-down Transmission Substation
- Distribution Substation
- Underground Distribution Substation
- Substation Functions
- Substation Equipment
Step-up Transmission Substation
The voltage at a step-up transmission substation is increased by a huge power transformer from a nearby generating plant so that it can be sent to further away places. One or more transmission lines can receive electricity from a transmission bus. Electricity can be supplied to run machinery inside the power plant by tapping into the incoming power stream.
As needed, or in the event of an emergency necessitating the shutting down of a circuit or the rerouting of power, circuit breakers in a substation can be used to switch generation and transmission circuits in and out of service.
A step-up transmission substation’s output voltage is tailored to the needs of the providing utility’s customers and to the specifications of any interconnections with regional grids.
Step-down transmission substations
Distribution substations
Substations used in distribution are often situated in close proximity to their respective consumer populations. Transformers in distribution substations reduce the high voltage of transmission or subtransmission for usage by consumers. Distribution voltages are typically between 34,500Y (19,920 V) and 4,160Y (2,400 V), though this range is not exhaustive.
Underground distribution substations
Substation Equipment
Among the most important parts of a substation are:
- Air Circuit Breaker
- Batteries
- Bus Support Insulators
- Capacitor Bank
- Circuit Switchers
- Concrete Foundation
- Conduits
- Control House
- Control Panels
- Control Wires
- Converter Stations
- Coupling Capacitors
- Current Transformers
- Disconnect Switches
- Distribution Bus
- Duct Runs
- Frequency Changers
- Grounding Resistors
- Grounding Transformers
- High-Voltage Underground Cables
- High-Voltage Fuses
- Lightning Arresters
- Manholes
- Metal-clad Switchgear
- Meters
- Microwave
- Oil Circuit Breakers
- Potential Transformers
- Potheads
- Power-line Carrier
- Power Transformers
- Rectifiers
- Relays
- SF6 Circuit Breakers
- Shunt Reactors
- Steel Superstructures
- SupervisoryControl
- Suspension Insulators
- Synchronous Condensers
- Transmission Bus
- Vacuum Circuit Breakers
Summary
High-voltage electric system facilities are referred to as substations. In order to bring generators, other pieces of equipment, circuits, or lines into or out of a system, it is necessary to use this.
Alternating current can be converted to direct current or direct current can be converted to alternating current using this device. Alternating current can also be converted to direct current using this device.
Some substations are rather modest in size, consisting of little more than a transformer and the switches that go with it. Some are very huge and contain a number of transformers in addition to dozens of switches and several other pieces of apparatus.
The Substation training program is designed to provide students with the training and skills necessary for careers in the electrical T&D field.